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Education is very important from time to time. So that all things about education must be arranged and planned very well. The many philosophies of education in the world of education always play a role and influence in the ongoing education such as learning methods, facilities, strategies and others. Education management is carried out according to the philosophy used. In this journal, we will discuss the influence of empiricism philosophy, the influence of perennialism philosophy, the influence of essentialism philosophy, the influence of progressivism philosophy and the influence of reconstructionism philosophy to education management.

First, the influence of empiricism in education management is emphasizes that education is the heartbreaking of the future, while the factors that come from within, such as talent and descent don't have similarities in the future(Setianingsih, 2008). If education management uses the philosophy of empiricism, the world of education will be based on experience in science. The point is that someone who plays an important role in the world of education such as a teacher, must have experience but what has been proven by science.

John Locke (1632-1704) seeing that the child born is like a to blank white paper that has not been written, therefore this flow or theory is also called tabularasa theory. The period of child development into adulthood is greatly influenced by the environment or experience and education he received since chilhood. Basically, humans can be educated according to the will of the environment.. Experience from the environment is what determines one's personality (Ahmadi and Uhbiyati, 1991; Thoib, 2008). So what kind of a child is developing is influenced by the environment, so education must be managed with a very good environment. Starting from the teacher who always gives positive viruses in the classroom, provides good experiences for students. Due to this empiricism stating that the development of children depends on the environment, therefore one of the determinants of the success of education by requiring a good environment. To create good conditions it is necessary to pay attention and care to all that exists, like; leadership, teachers, community as supporters of the education, and students.

Second, if the management of education using the philosophy of perennialism is the influence of education and subjects will focus on regressive road to culture. Because Mohammad Noor Syam (1984) expressing the view of perennialism, that education must mobilize more attention to a culture that has been tested and resilient. Because the philosophy of perennialism saw that the life of modern era has caused crises in various fields of human life, assuming that the modern era has caused damage. So as to overcome this crisis, the philophy of perennialism provides a way out of "returning to the culture of the past”—regresive road to culture. Therefore, philosophy of perennialism considers the importance of the role of education in the process of returning the state of modern-day humans to the culture of the past which is considered quite ideal that has been tested for its toughness and perfection.

Hutchins (1963) developed an undergraduate student curriculum based on research on the Historical Big Ledger (Great Books) and discussion of classic books. The Hutchins perennialist curriculum is based on three assumptions about education; (1) Education must promote the search for human truth that continues continuously, any truth will always be true everywhere—universal and not time bound. (2) Education must focus on ideas because the work of the mind is intellectual, and human rationality is the most important function in education. (3) Education must stimulate a person to think deeply about significant ideas and educators must use correct and critical thinking such as their main method.

Third, the influence of the essentialism philosophy of education management is almost the same as perennialism philosophy, which is to want the education process to return to the old culture. (Ali 1993: 116) said that the philosophy of essentialism wants humans to return to old culture because old culture has done a lot goodness for humans. The concept of essentialism education suggests that schools must train, teach, or educate students to be able to communicate clearly and logically. The core curriculum skills must be in the form of reading, writing, speaking and arithmetic. In adition, the school is responsible for paying attention mastery of students towards these skills, because the implementation of the curriculum requires adequate media, facilities and environmental support. According to essetialism philosophy, school education must be practical and provide logical teaching and be able to prepare and for the lives of students. In this case, schools may not influence or establish social policies.

Philosophy of essentialism has six rules in managing education; (1) education must be done with great effort, because education does not only arise from within students, (2) intiatives in basic education for teachers not students, (3) the intiative of the education process is the assimilation of predetermined subjects, (4) schools must maintain traditional methods related to mental discipline, (5) the ultimate goal of education is to improve the general welfare of the demands of real democracy, (6) traditional methods related to mental discipline are preferred methods in the process of education in schools.

Fourth, the philosophy of progressivism is wants quality education to be better than the present. According to philosophy of progressivesm education must continue to develop progressively. Education does not only convey knowledge to students but exercises the ability to think in solving problems.The purpose of education according to this philosophy is to see experience as a foundation for investing. Education must be able to help humans solve problems in life, and be able to develop a broad mindset education must be better than today. Education must follow the era of globalization because education according to philosophy of progressiveism must be able to help humans solve problems that are concrete.If this progressivism philosophy is applied in education, then; (1) learning must relate to interests and talents, (2) the process of learning must through problem solving, (3) education must be prefer to teamwork in place of competation, (4) learning applying system a group and democratic system.

Philosophy of progressivism also has rules in the curriculum; not universal, meaning that it must vary according to school level and conditions, adapted to interests, talents and needs, based on the society, it can be flexibly changed or revised.

Finally, the influence of education management based on the philosophy of reconstructionism. Georgr Count and Harold Rugg (1930) want to build a new society, an appropriate and fair society. Theodore Brameld said the foundation for "social reconstruction" with several publications such as "Pattern of Educational Philosophy (1950), a reconstructed philosophy of education (1956), and education as power (1965). This is in accordance with the view that is based on an assumption that we have switched from a rural agrarian society to a high-tech urban society. But there is still a serious cultural delay, namely in the ability of humans to adapt to the technology community. 

According to Brameld (Kneller, 1971) there are 5 theories of reconstructionist education; (1) education must be carried out here and now in order to create a new social order that will fill the basic values of our culture, and be in harmony with the underlying economic and social forces of modern society, (2) new society must be in the life of true democracy where the main sources and institutions in society are controlled by their own citizens, (3) children, schools and education itself are conditioned by cultural and social forces, (4) the teacher must believe in the validity and urgency of the dirinnya wisely by paying attention to democratic procedures, (5) the way and purpose of education must be changed again entirely with the aim of finding needs related to the current cultural crisis, and to adjust needs to social science that encourages us to find values that humans believe or do not value it is universal reviewing the preparation of the curriculum, the content of the lesson, the methods used, the administrative structure, and the way the teacher is trained.


Comments

  1. Kelompok satu dabest dah ada d blog jurnalnya wkwk

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  2. Sayangg deh sama kamuuuuuu.......... Kamu nya merujuk kepada Jurnal dan Kelompok 1 wkwk

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